A New Species of Diaporthe: Metabolite Profile and Ability to Suppress Sclerotium Rot of Sunchoke

Information from the abstract

The pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii is a major causal agent of tuber rot disease in Sunchoke (Helianthus tuberosus), resulting in significant yield losses. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants against Sclerotium rot disease in sunchoke tubers. In addition, proteomic and metabolomic profiling of a selected endophytic fungus was performed. A total of 12 endophytic fungal isolates exhibiting antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii were obtained from 69 medicinal plant samples using the dual culture technique. Among these isolates, strain KKU-3.2, isolated from the root of Cratoxylum formosum, was selected and identified as a novel endophytic fungus, Diaporthe formosum sp. nov. Protein and metabolite profiling was performed using the selected strain D. formosum KKU-3.2. LC–MS-based proteomic analysis identified 32 proteins in the culture supernatant of the fungus. Furthermore, LC–MS-based metabolomic analysis detected 1600 metabolites, of which 24 were tentatively identified and selected as potential antifungal compounds based on previously reported activities or predicted functions. These tentatively identified metabolites were classified into eight chemical groups: coumarins, phenolic and organic acids, limonoids, depsides, pyrones and pyridines, flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and indoles. Co-inoculation of D. formosum and S. rolfsii in sunchoke tubers demonstrated that D. formosum inhibited disease progression by 54.31%. This is the first report of D. formosum sp. nov. and, to the best of our knowledge, the first report describing the proteomic and metabolomic profiling of this novel species. The findings of this study provide a foundation for future research on the isolation and characterization of bioactive proteins and secondary metabolites, as well as their potential agricultural applications as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

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Related topics: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases · Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis · Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms