Amlodipine-related peripheral edema in a primary care unit: Prevalence, risk factors and management

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Backgound: Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, is used to treat hypertension. The common adverse drug reaction of amlodipine was peripheral edema. This causes the discontinuation of amlodipine. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of amlodipine related peripheral edema in hypertensive adults attending a primary care unit in Thailand. The secondary objectives were to evaluate risk factors and how the edema was managed. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 - December 2023 in a primary care unit in Thailand. Hypertensive patients on amlodipine 2.5, 5 and 10 mg were recruited. Clinical characteristics of edema, comorbidity and management of edema were collected from the electronic medical records and drug-use evaluation forms. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analysis [adjusted odds ratios (aOR)] explored variables associated with peripheral edema. Results: A total of 572 patient records were eligible for an edema prevalence of 11.9%. Median duration of edema was 84 days. Clinically, edema was bilateral in almost all patients, affecting mostly the leg (51.47%). Diabetes mellitus was identified as an independent risk factor for edema [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.690; 95% CI 1.176–6.152]. In contrast, dyspepsia [aOR 0.263; 95% CI 0.091–0.754] and lower doses of amlodipine (2.5 and 5 mg) were associated with a reduced risk of edema compared with the 10-mg dose; the aOR for the 2.5-mg dose was

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Related topics: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies · Peripheral Artery Disease Management · Heart Failure Treatment and Management