Ultrasound-Activated Metal–Organic Frameworks Incorporated Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Promote Macrophage Inflammation
Researchers embedded a manganese-titanium metal-organic framework in polyacrylonitrile nanofibers to convert ultrasound into electrical stimulation. The composite generated a peak 0.24 V and, under ultrasound in RAW-Blue cells, activated NF-kB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and transient calcium influx.